The remuneration committee had already started a review of executive remuneration during 2008 prior to the announcement of the HBOS acquisition. This was in the light of concerns about the competitiveness of the package, which had led to the committee making long-term incentive awards of 375 per cent of salary in 2008, above the normal maximum of 300 per cent. The scope and context of this review was naturally altered by the acquisition of HBOS and by the rapidly evolving environment in the financial services sector.
The changes introduced as a result of this review are summarised below.
The key remuneration elements for 2009 as a result of the review are summarised below. Each individual element is then described in more detail in the subsequent sub-sections.
Element |
Level/design for 2009 |
Key purpose |
|---|---|---|
Base salary |
Set competitively relative to FTSE 20 and banking sector |
Meet essential commitments of executive |
No increase for 2009 compared with 2008 |
Retention | |
Annual incentive |
200 per cent of salary maximum (225 per cent for CEO), as for 2008 |
Alignment with Group performance |
Based 50 per cent on Group financial targets relating to profit before |
Alignment with sound risk management |
|
Based 50 per cent on balanced scorecard covering, customers, |
Motivation of executives |
|
Subject to deferral with the first tranche released in 2011 |
||
Long-term |
200 per cent of salary maximum, 175 per cent of salary less than the |
Alignment with shareholder interests |
120 per cent of salary Normal LTIP Award based: |
Alignment with sound risk management |
|
– 50 per cent on Earnings per Share |
||
– 50 per cent on Economic Profit |
||
80 per cent of salary Integration Award based: |
Motivation and retention of executives |
|
– 50 per cent on financial synergy savings |
||
– 50 per cent on non-financial measures of the success of the HBOS integration |
||
Pension |
A mixture of final salary and defined contribution pension arrangements |
Enable executives to build long-term retirement savings |
From April 2012, executive directors with final salary pensions will move |
Retention |
Despite the significantly increased responsibilities of the executive directors, the maximum total pay opportunity for an executive director in 2009 is reduced by 175 per cent of salary from 2008.
When deciding the approach to take for remuneration in 2009, the remuneration committee considered a range of factors. In forming the Lloyds Banking Group, our senior executive team will be managing a combined business twice the size of Lloyds TSB, at the same time as integrating two highly complex businesses, one of which had a flawed business model. The balance sheet alone will be among the largest balance sheets in the world. There will be significant increases in workload and responsibilities. Shareholders, customers and tax-payers will want to ensure that the right team is in place, appropriately motivated and incentivised to take this bank forward, put appropriate risk management frameworks into HBOS, and deliver the value from the takeover. The terms on which senior executives have recently been appointed within the banking sector shows that shareholders remain convinced of the need to offer competitive compensation packages.
At the same time, the committee has been very aware of developments in the financial services sector and in relation to remuneration practices more widely. The committee reviewed trends in relation to base salary and incentives at other major financial firms globally, including those participating in Government funding programmes. The committee also considered the implications of the Financial Services Authority's draft code on remuneration. Finally the committee considered developments at the other UK and international banks, including the terms on which senior executives at banks were hired through the year (including executives departing from Lloyds TSB).
Basic salaries are reviewed annually, usually in December, taking into account individual performance and market information (which is provided by Towers Perrin) and then adjusted from 1 January of the following year. The remuneration committee confirmed during the 2008 review that the FTSE 20 was the most appropriate comparator group to use to benchmark overall competitiveness of the remuneration package whilst taking particular account of the remuneration practice of our direct competitors, namely the major UK banks. The FTSE 20 is regarded as providing a realistic and relevant comparison in terms of company size and complexity, as well as being a key market for talent.
However, in recognition of the current operating environment and in common with many of our peers, base salaries for 2009 remain unchanged from the salaries set for 2008. Basic salary increases for other employees across the Group will remain in line with any market movement, but will, in general be significantly lower than in previous years.
|
Name |
J E Daniels |
A G Kane |
G T Tate |
T J W Tookey |
H A Weir |
|
As at 1 January 2008 |
£1,035,000 |
£590,000 |
£640,000 |
£600,000* |
£625,000 |
*With effect from appointment on 30 October 2008.
This approach has also been applied to the Chairman’s salary and non-executive director fees for 2009 which remain unchanged from 2008.
The Lloyds TSB annual incentive plan already had many good features, such as the combination of financial and non-financial measures, which supported our prudent approach to managing risk. We are proposing to keep these features, while enhancing the operation of the plan in order to increase the alignment between risk and reward still further.
The remuneration committee has considered the preliminary guidance from the FSA relating to good practice criteria, and has reviewed emerging practice in other banks within the sector both in the UK and overseas. Although more than half of our total incentive opportunity was already deferred, through our long-term incentive plan, we have decided that the annual incentive for executive directors should be deferred also. Consistent with the aim of ensuring that short-term financial results are only achievable sustainably, the committee has decided that the entire incentive will be deferred and released in tranches over a three year period. The deferral will be on the same basis as for senior staff with the first tranche being released in June 2011. The deferred incentive will be subject to 100 per cent claw back if the performance that generated the incentive is found to be unsustainable.
The maximum annual incentive opportunity remains unchanged at 200 per cent (225 per cent for Mr Daniels) of basic salary for the achievement of exceptional performance targets.
The remuneration committee believes that the structure of the incentive – in particular the use of risk-adjusted and non-financial measures – has been highly successful in promoting a long-term focus within the senior management team. Introducing this deferral element further enhances these aspects of the plan.
The current LTIP rules allow for awards to be made of up to 400 per cent of base salary. Under normal circumstances awards, are made of 300 per cent of salary with the additional 100 per cent available for circumstances that the remuneration committee deems to be exceptional. In 2008, awards were made of 375 per cent of base salary to the CEO and two of the executive directors for retention purposes, and in light of data reviewed by the committee which showed total remuneration to be behind median both for the FTSE 20, and the other major UK banks.
Further information viewed by the committee through 2008 continued to show that total remuneration for the executive directors was materially behind the median of our peer groups, even before allowing for the increased responsibilities of running the combined bank and the magnitude of the task of integrating the two businesses.
However, there is a strong overall focus on cost control within the business, and rapid changes within the industry make it difficult to assess what will, in future, be market competitive. Therefore, the committee has determined not to seek authority from shareholders to increase the LTIP award to the level required to achieve a market median value of remuneration. Instead, the committee has determined that for 2009 the grant level for executive directors should be set at 200 per cent of base salary.
This means that, in its totality, the maximum remuneration opportunity for executive directors in 2009 will be reduced by 175 per cent of salary from the maximum awarded to a director in 2008, despite a doubling in the size of the Group, and despite the challenges ahead in integrating the businesses to create the Lloyds Banking Group.
In reviewing measures, the remuneration committee has aimed to build on existing aspects of the remuneration policy that have been successful, with a focus on long-term performance, taking appropriate account of risk. At the same time, the committee has sought to develop arrangements that motivate executives to meet the near-term objectives of integrating the two businesses.
The setting of the definitive performance targets for 2009 will be completed in time for publication prior to the Annual General Meeting. The committee will continue to engage with shareholders during this time and will share the detail of the performance targets once they are finalised.
Performance targets will be set by reference to analysts' expectations, internal business plans, competitive performance assessments and probability modelling. Stretch performance will be equated to the remuneration committee's assessment of an upper quartile performance level or greater. Non-financial targets will be fully disclosed, and payments against them justified, in the year of vesting.
The detailed rationale for the proposed measures is set out below.
Earnings per share continues to be an important measure of our profitability and ability to generate cash at a point in time. The committee has therefore decided to retain this well-recognised measure in our incentive system.
Economic profit has been used as a performance measure within Lloyds TSB for a number of years. It has been very successful at introducing a long-term, risk-based approach to managing our business. Given the increasing focus now being placed on risk-adjusted measures by shareholders and regulators, adoption of this established measure into the LTIP is felt by the committee to be a further enhancement of the alignment between our remuneration and business strategy. Our economic profit measure is a through-the-cycle measure, which encourages prudent risk management of our portfolio, considering the impact of decisions over an entire economic cycle.
Economic profit replaces relative total shareholder return within the LTIP. The committee is of the view that at the current time, with extreme market volatility and the level of disruption in our peer group, TSR is not a robust performance measure. Moreover, the committee is concerned that relative TSR measures may not have been supportive of sound risk management policies during economic upswings. Indeed, such a measure can encourage a 'strategic herd mentality', with banks encouraged to take on more risk in order to improve the prospects of significantly out-performing their peers. Economic profit, by measuring risk-adjusted performance with targets reflecting the Company's specific risk appetite, is, in the view of the committee, a better incentive for sustainable performance.
The committee is aware that some shareholders favour relative TSR as a measure, and so will further consider its role for long-term incentive awards in 2010 and beyond during the review to be carried out later in 2009. However, it is the view of the committee that an economic profit measure is better aligned with the Financial Services Authority's draft Code of Practice criteria.
The Integration Award naturally includes a component relating to the achievement of our £1.5 billion synergy goal by the end of 2011. However, in order to demonstrate the credibility of our integration to the market, it is important that the trajectory of achieving the synergies, and the cost of achievement, are well balanced. Therefore, the synergy element will include targets for synergy savings in 2009 and 2010 (although awards will not ultimately vest until the end of 2011, and will be subject to an assessment by the remuneration committee at that point that the synergies have been achieved on a sustainable basis).
The committee believes that an excessive focus on financial targets can potentially reward short-term actions that are detrimental to the long‑term health of the business. For this reason a balanced scorecard has been operated in the annual incentive plan for a number of years, with great success. The committee has decided that this success should be built upon by measuring part of the 2009 LTIP on a long‑term balanced scorecard of non‑financial measures underpinning the success of the integration over 2009 to 2011. These measures will be grouped under the categories by which the integration is being managed:
These measures are distinct from the similarly named areas under the annual incentive plan. The annual incentive measures focus on excellence of performance in business as usual activities. The non‑financial measures in the integration balanced scorecard are specific to the integration. There is a major change programme to be undertaken within HBOS, particularly in relation to systems and processes for measuring and managing risk. The integration balanced scorecard will be built around outperformance of this change agenda.
In April 2012, all executive directors will transition to defined contribution pension arrangements with contributions of 25 per cent of base salary for the chief executive and other executive directors, with no compensation for ceasing final salary accrual.
The committee recognises that the above proposals for executive remuneration for 2009 are being made at a time of high uncertainty and great volatility, and therefore the committee has decided to undertake a further review of executive remuneration during 2009. This is to ensure that the overall positioning of remuneration remains appropriate when compared with the external market and ensures that the Lloyds Banking Group is able to attract and retain the high calibre of talent needed to lead the combined Group, while reflecting latest trends in the sector and any updated guidance from shareholders and regulators. The committee will continue to engage with shareholders during this review.
The executive directors and the chairman are also eligible to participate in the Group’s ‘sharesave’ scheme and the Group’s ‘shareplan’. These are ‘all‑employee’ share schemes.
The chairman’s remuneration comprises salary and benefits which are broadly similar to those extended to the executive directors. However, he does not participate in the annual bonus and long-term incentive arrangements, nor is he entitled to pension benefits.
The chairman’s salary is reviewed annually, usually in December, taking into account performance and market information and then adjusted from 1 January of the following year. No adjustments will be made from 1 January 2009 and his salary remains unchanged at £640,000.
The fees of the independent non-executive directors are agreed by the board within a total amount determined by the shareholders. To accommodate a potentially larger board following the acquisition of HBOS, a resolution was passed at the General Meeting on 19 November 2008 to increase this amount to £1 million. Directors may also receive fees, agreed by the board, for membership of board committees. The fees are designed to recognise the various responsibilities of a non-executive director’s role and to attract individuals with relevant skills, knowledge and experience. The fees are neither performance related nor pensionable and are comparable with those paid by other companies. The annual fees from 1 January 2009 are unchanged and are listed below.
| Board |
£65,000 |
|---|---|
| Audit committee chairmanship |
£50,000 |
| Audit committee membership |
£20,000 |
| Nomination committee membership |
£5,000 |
| Remuneration committee chairmanship |
£30,000 |
| Remuneration committee membership |
£15,000 |
| Risk oversight committee membership |
£15,000 |
Independent non-executive directors who serve on the boards of subsidiary companies may also receive fees from the subsidiaries. The fees paid in 2008 to the current non-executive directors are shown in Remuneration for 2008