Skip Links

ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2008

SUMMARY OF GROUP RESULTS

GROUP FINANCE DIRECTOR'S REVIEW OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

During 2008, the Group delivered a resilient core business performance against the backdrop of significant turbulence in global financial markets and a marked slowdown in the UK economic environment. Statutory profit attributable to equity shareholders however decreased by 75 per cent to £819 million and earnings per share decreased by 75 per cent to 14.3p, reflecting the impact of market dislocation, insurance volatility, caused by lower equity markets and wider credit spreads in fixed income markets, and a significant increase in impairment levels. Profit before tax fell by 80 per cent to £807 million.

To enable meaningful comparisons to be made with 2007, the income statement commentaries below are on a continuing businesses basis (see Presentation of information).

Building strong customer relationships

The Group's strategy is to build strong customer franchises and we have continued to extend the reach and depth of our customer relationships, achieving good sales growth, whilst also improving productivity and efficiency. As a result, the Group's core relationship businesses have continued to perform well, growing market share in many key areas.

Like many other financial institutions, the Group's Corporate Markets business has been significantly affected by the ongoing impact of market dislocation; however, the relationship focus of our strategy and conservative risk management approach has meant that the impact on the Group's profit before tax was limited to £1,270 million during 2008 (£925 million reduction in income; £345 million increase in impairment). In the extremely challenging and turbulent operating environment in global financial markets, this compares favourably to the impact on many other major financial services companies. The market dislocation largely reflects the impact of continuing mark-to-market adjustments in certain legacy trading portfolios, resulting from the marketwide repricing of liquidity and credit, together with the write-down of a number of Asset Backed Securities. Notably, even after fully absorbing this impact, the Wholesale and International Banking division delivered profit before tax of £274 million.

The Group continues to maintain a strong funding and liquidity profile and has continued to obtain funding at market leading rates, with the overall margin impact of funding the Group's balance sheet remaining broadly unchanged. The Group has benefited from improvements in a number of individual product margins, particularly in new mortgages and corporate lending, however the lower interest rate environment in the second half of the year has led to increased pressure on deposit spreads.

Continued momentum throughout the business

Profit before tax, excluding the impact of market dislocation, decreased by £340 million, or 8 per cent, to £3,696 million, as good relationship banking and insurance business momentum was offset by a significant increase in levels of impairment. On this basis and adjusting for insurance grossing, revenue growth of eight per cent exceeded cost growth of five per cent.

Good income growth

Overall income growth of eight per cent, excluding the impact of market dislocation and insurance grossing adjustments, reflected continued good progress in delivering our divisional strategies. We have increased income from both new and existing customers, with strong growth in both assets and liabilities leading to higher net interest income, as well as an increase in fee-related income.

Group net interest income, excluding insurance grossing, increased by £1,457 million, or 26 per cent, to £7,058 million. Over the last 12 months, total assets increased by 23 per cent to £436 billion, with a 16 per cent increase in loans and advances to customers, reflecting strong levels of customer lending growth in Commercial Banking, Corporate Markets and mortgages. Customer deposits increased by nine per cent to £171 billion, supported by good growth in savings balances in the retail bank, where bank savings increased by 12 per cent and wealth management balances by 20 per cent. Customer deposits in our Corporate Markets, Commercial and International businesses increased by 15 per cent.

The net interest margin from our banking businesses was unchanged at 2.78 per cent, as improved product margins offset an adverse mix effect. Overall product margins were 12 basis points higher, reflecting stronger new business product margins in the mortgage and corporate businesses. Stronger growth in finer margin corporate and mortgage lending than in the wider margin unsecured consumer lending contributed to the negative mix effect which offset the increase in product margins.

Other income, net of insurance claims and excluding insurance grossing, decreased by £1,290 million, or 25 per cent, to £3,952 million, largely reflecting the impact of market dislocation. In the retail bank, higher fees and commissions receivable as a result of good growth in added value current accounts and card services were offset by lower creditor insurance commissions and the impact of changes in product design leading to a greater proportion of earnings being recognised as net interest income rather than fee income. In addition, good levels of growth were achieved in fee based product sales to commercial banking customers.

Strong cost management

The Group continues to invest in improving processing efficiency, resulting in continued tight control over day-to-day operating costs. During 2008, operating expenses increased by five per cent to £5,582 million excluding the insurance grossing adjustment. Over the last 12 months, staff numbers increased by 678 (one per cent) to 58,756, as investment in higher levels of customer facing staff more than offset further efficiency improvements in back-office processing centres. These improvements in operational effectiveness have resulted in a further reduction in the Group cost:income ratio, excluding market dislocation, from 48.1 per cent to 47.0 per cent. The Group's programme of productivity initiatives has continued to deliver significant benefits, improving underlying cost efficiency and creating greater headroom for further investment in the business. During 2008, the Group exceeded its expected net cost benefits target of £250 million in 2008 by delivering a total of £311 million net cost benefits from the programme.

Asset quality

In UK Retail Banking, impairment losses increased by £248 million, or 20 per cent, to £1,472 million, particularly reflecting the impact of lower house prices on the mortgage impairment charge. In terms of unsecured lending, our asset quality remains satisfactory. However, in the context of the uncertain UK economic environment and the potential for increased consumer arrears and insolvencies, we are continuing to enhance our underwriting, collections and fraud prevention procedures.

Mortgage credit quality remains good although the slowdown in economic activity and rising unemployment in the UK has led to arrears rising by 44 per cent over the last 12 months, a trend that is expected to continue. The fall in the house price index during the year has led to an increase of approximately £150 million in the secured impairment charge. Looking forward, our view is for a further fall of similar magnitude in house prices during 2009.

The Wholesale and International Banking charge for impairment losses increased significantly by £936 million to £1,508 million, including a £345 million impairment charge relating to the impact of market dislocation during 2008. The remaining charge reflects an increase in the level of impairments as a result of the economic slowdown in the UK and the impact of a number of high profile financial services company collapses.

Overall, impairment losses increased by 68 per cent to £3,012 million. Our impairment charge on loans and advances expressed as a percentage of average lending was 1.13 per cent, excluding the impact of market dislocation, compared to 0.82 per cent in 2007 (also excluding the impact of the 2007 Finance Act). Impaired assets increased by 64 per cent to £8,700 million and now represent 3.5 per cent of total lending, up from 2.5 per cent at 31 December 2007.

EXPOSURE TO ASSETS AFFECTED BY CURRENT CAPITAL MARKETS UNCERTAINTIES

The Group's relationship focused business model means our Corporate Markets business has limited exposure to assets affected by current capital markets uncertainties. During 2008 the Group has successfully taken steps to reduce and restructure these exposures and the related risk and it is anticipated that this process will continue in 2009.

Following the amendment to International Accounting Standards (IAS) 39, the Group has reclassified certain assets for which there is no longer an active market and which are now being managed as lending. Assets totalling £2,993 million previously classified as held for trading (measured at fair value through profit and loss) were transferred to loans and advances with effect from 1 July 2008 and a further £437 million of assets previously classified as available for sale (measured at fair value with changes taken to equity) were transferred to loans and advances with effect from 1 November 2008. If these reclassifications had not been made, the Group's income statement for 2008 would have included additional losses of £406 million.

Insurance volatility

A large proportion of the investments held by the Group's insurance business are invested in assets which are expected to be held on a long-term basis and which are inherently subject to short-term investment market fluctuations. Whilst it is expected that those investments will provide enhanced returns over the longer term, the single year impact of investment market volatility can be significant. In 2008, a decline in equity and property markets and a widening of credit spreads in fixed income markets contributed to adverse volatility of £746 million, after adjusting for the effect of illiquidity premia within the annuity business. This principally reflects a reduction in the market consistent valuation of the annuity portfolio, driven by the continued widening of corporate bond spreads in 2008, and lower expected future shareholder income from contracts where the underlying policyholder investments are in equities.

Provision relating to certain historic US dollar payments

In January 2009, the Group announced that it had reached a settlement with both the US Department of Justice and the New York County District Attorney's Office in relation to a previously disclosed investigation involving those agencies into certain historic US dollar payment practices by Lloyds TSB. The Group disclosed in its interim results for the first half of 2008 that it was in discussions regarding a resolution of the investigation and that it had provided £180 million in respect of this matter. The provision was hedged into US dollars at the time and fully covers the settlement amount announced in January 2009. The Group is continuing discussions with the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) regarding the terms of the resolution of its investigation. OFAC has confirmed to the Group that the amount paid to the US Department of Justice and the New York County District Attorney's Office will be credited towards satisfying any penalty it imposes. The Group does not currently believe that any additional liability requiring provision will arise following the conclusion of the discussions with OFAC. The Group does not anticipate any further enforcement actions as to these issues.

Provision for Financial Services Compensation Scheme levy

The recent arrangements put in place to protect the depositors of Bradford & Bingley and other failed deposit taking institutions involving the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) will result in a significant increase in the levies made by the FSCS on the industry. The Group has made a provision of £122 million in its 2008 accounts in respect of its current obligation for the estimated interest cost on the FSCS borrowings. Going forward further provisions in respect of these costs are likely to be necessary until the borrowings are repaid. The ultimate cost to the industry, which will also include the cost of any compensation payments made by the FSCS and if necessary the cost of meeting any shortfall after recoveries on the borrowings entered into by the FSCS, remains uncertain although it may be significant.

Goodwill impairment

During the year, the basis of goodwill allocation in parts of our Asset Finance business has been changed to treat the consumer finance business as a single cash generating unit encompassing the motor and personal finance operations which provide direct and point of sale finance. The markets in which these units operate have been affected by the UK economic downturn, which has been characterised by falling demand and increasing arrears at this point of the cycle. This, together with uncertainties over the likely short term macroeconomic environment, has resulted in a reassessment of the carrying value of the consumer finance cash generating unit and the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of £100 million at 31 December 2008.

Taxation

The Group's tax for 2008 was a credit of £38 million. This primarily reflects a significant policyholder interests related tax credit offsetting in full the charge for policyholder interests included in the Group's profit before tax.

Robust capital position

At the end of December 2008, the Group's capital ratios remained robust with a total capital ratio on a Basel II basis of 11.2 per cent, a tier 1 ratio of 8.0 per cent and a core tier 1 ratio of 5.6 per cent. In September 2008, the Group completed the placing of 284.4 million ordinary shares at a price of 270 pence per share, raising approximately £760 million. Over the last 12 months, risk-weighted assets increased by 20 per cent to £170 billion, reflecting the growth in our Corporate Markets and mortgage businesses, as well as the impact of exchange rate movements which represented 8 percentage points of the increase.

Scottish Widows remains strongly capitalised and, at the end of December 2008, the working capital ratio of the Scottish Widows Long Term Fund was an estimated 21.6 per cent. During 2008 a regular dividend of £0.2 billion was paid to the Group, bringing the total capital repatriation since the beginning of 2005 to over £3.8 billion. As at 31 December 2008, the estimated Insurance Groups Directive (IGD) capital surplus was £0.8 billion, with additional surplus within the Long Term fund totalling an estimated £1.5 billion. This IGD surplus would be unchanged in the event of a 40 per cent reduction in equity markets from the 31 December 2008 position.

Maintaining a strong liquidity and funding position

The current turbulence in global capital markets has been a severe examination of the banking system's capacity to absorb sudden significant changes in the funding and liquidity environment, and individual institutions have faced varying, but significant, degrees of stress. Throughout this period, the Group has maintained a strong liquidity position which is supported by our strong and stable retail and corporate deposit base. Both retail and corporate deposit inflows have been robust and the Group continues to benefit from its diversity of funding sources. The Group's wholesale funding base has proved to be resilient, supporting the Group's balance sheet growth with an increased level of longer term funding (greater than one year).

New initiatives introduced during the course of 2008 by The Bank of England and HM Treasury to facilitate banks' access to senior funding include the Special Liquidity Scheme and Credit Guarantee Scheme, respectively. The Group welcomed these initiatives and, like many of its peers, continues to make use of them for term funding. Going forward, where markets permit and it is economic to do so, the Group expects to reduce this utilisation and further develop and diversify its unguaranteed funding programmes.

Following completion of the HBOS acquisition in January 2009, all of the major rating agencies have updated their ratings for the enlarged Group. Each agency has issued the Group the highest possible short-term rating, and a long-term deposit rating in the 'double A' range. This provides the Group with a strong overall suite of credit ratings.

Acquisition of HBOS

In September 2008, Lloyds TSB and HBOS announced that they had reached agreement on the terms of a recommended acquisition by Lloyds TSB of HBOS, creating a compelling opportunity to accelerate Lloyds TSB's strategy and create the UK's leading financial services group. In October 2008, both Lloyds TSB and HBOS announced that they intended to participate in a co-ordinated package of capital and funding measures for the UK banking sector being implemented by HM Treasury. This led to Lloyds TSB's participation in the raising of £5.5 billion new capital (consisting of £4.5 billion in ordinary shares and £1 billion in preference shares). In addition, HBOS participated in the raising of £11.5 billion (consisting of £8.5 billion in ordinary shares and £3 billion in preference shares). Both of these capital raisings and the HBOS acquisition were completed in January 2009. The Group's board believes that its participation in the Government funding proposal provided the capital necessary to complete the acquisition in a timely fashion, with certainty and on terms that were the best available in current market conditions. The board believes that HM Treasury, which is now a 43.4 per cent shareholder of the Group, will act as a value-oriented shareholder with regard to the strategic development of the Group.

Following the completion of the acquisition and the capital raisings in January 2009, the proforma adjusted capital ratios for Lloyds Banking Group, at 31 December 2008, were 6.4 per cent for core tier 1, 9.8 per cent for tier 1 capital and 12.5 per cent for total capital. The proforma adjusted net tangible asset value of the enlarged Group totalled an estimated £29.5 billion, equivalent to 179p per share.

A challenging outlook

2008 has been an immensely challenging period for all banks, and the assets on the enlarged Group's balance sheet have shown increasing signs of stress during the year. Whilst our risk management and business support culture is strong, the continuing economic deterioration in the UK will make 2009 another difficult year. We currently expect retail impairment levels to rise significantly in 2009, largely reflecting the expected increase in unemployment levels in the UK and the impact of further house price falls. Corporate impairment levels are expected to remain at the high levels seen during 2008, whilst Treasury asset and investment portfolio write-downs are expected to be significantly lower. Overall, before the recognition of negative goodwill, we expect the enlarged Group to report a loss for 2009.

Tim Tookey
Group Finance Director
26 February 2009

Toolbox:
  • PDF version
  • Print this page
  • Bookmark this page

Select the sections that interest you and print a personalised version of the 2008 Annual Report.

Section